Osteoporosis

1 which of the following are true about the osteoporosis
I bone resorption exceeds bone formation
II reduced bone mineral density (BMD)
III bone formation exceeds bone resorption

2 which of the following happens during menopause in women
I activation of new osteoclasts
II prolongs survival of mature osteoclasts
III bone resorption more than formation

3 which of the following drugs can cause osteoporosis
I systemic corticosteroids(prednisone doses greater than 7.5 mg/day),
II thyroid hormone replacement
III antiepileptic drugs (e.g., phenytoin, phenobarbital)

4 most common osteoporosis-related fractures involves which of the following bones
I proximal femur
II vertebrae
III wrist

5 which of the following is true about the T score
I Normal bone mass is a T-score greater than –1
II osteopenia is a Tscore of –1 to –2.4,
III osteoporosis is a T-score at or below –2.5.

6 what are the non pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis
I limiting caffeine consumption
II Smoking cessation
III Weight-bearing aerobic and strengthening exercises

7 which of the following are used in osteoporosis
I vitamin D
II Calcium
III Bisphosphonates

8 which of the following are the counseling points of calcium
I Calcium carbonate should be ingested with meals to enhance absorption
II Calcium citrate need not be taken with meals
III calcium carbonate can be taken on empty stomach

9 which of the following are true about calcium use in osteoporosis
I calcium increases BMD
II Constipation is the most common adverse reaction
III Calcium citrate has highest amount of elemental calcium

10 which of the following are true about Vitamin D Supplementation
I vitamin D maximizes intestinal calcium absorption
II vitamin D increase BMD
III it may also reduce fractures